A house made of containers. What are the rules for it?

JUDr. Ondřej Preuss, Ph.D.
6. November 2024
9 minutes of reading
9 minutes of reading
Real Estate

Luxury living in a container? It may sound ridiculous at first, but it is possible. Rising housing prices are motivating people to find cheaper alternatives. And one such alternative that is gaining in popularity is shipping container homes. These can not only be cheap, but also luxurious, spacious and environmentally friendly. You can read more about how Czech legislation views them in this article.

What is a container house

A container house is a type of building created by converting large shipping containers into residential or commercial space. Shipping container homes offer sustainability, affordability and design flexibility. They can be built quickly and adapted to different architectural styles. However, it must be taken into account that even container homes are subject to building regulations.

Container houses and legislation

Container houses are mainly subject to the rules of the Building Act. With the new Building Act came a new division of building types. Thus, standard container houses can correspond to a small building or a simple building.

If it is a minor construction, you will not need a building permit. Minor construction includes container houses smaller than 40 square metres and less than 5 metres placed on a building plot where a house for living or recreation already stands. In this case, it also applies that you cannot have a permanent residence in the container house.

In other cases, you need to arrange for a classical building registration or a building permit. The procedure is the same as if you were building a conventional brick house or a wooden house.

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What you need to supply for building permits and notifications:

  • Parcel details,
  • details of the planned construction, its purpose and extent,
  • the expected date of commencement and completion of the construction,
  • the planning permission, which you must obtain in advance from the site location
  • binding opinions of the authorities concerned (such as the Ministry of the Environment or the National Heritage Institute),
  • the binding opinions of the owners of transport and technical infrastructure (this includes the connection of the building to power lines, water supply, etc.),
  • project documentation (drawings, technical solutions, etc.),
  • a draft plan for the inspection conditions of the construction,
  • a declaration from the construction manager (if you are rebuilding the containers on your own),
  • a location drawing containing the consents of the persons concerned (e.g. neighbours and persons with easements) – this document is only needed in the case of a building notification.
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The main difference between a building notification and a building permit is that a building notification is easier and faster to process. Unfortunately, it is not available in all cases, and especially in situations where your neighbours and other affected persons do not give you written consent.

Energy intensity

When building a container house, you must also take into account its energy performance. All new buildings must have a building energy performance certificate or PENB. This shows how much energy the house uses to run and therefore determines its energy performance and the associated environmental burden. You must pay particular attention to the thermal performance of the house, heating, water heating and cooling. Newly built houses must not have an energy performance higher than class B (i.e. they must have almost zero energy consumption).

If your container house has an energy reference area (= external floor area) of up to 50 m2, then you do not need an energy label.

But with a container house, there is no need to worry about energy consumption. It can easily be converted to low-energy or even passive. The overall result depends primarily on the design of the façade. But other factors that also play a role are: orientation to the cardinal points, the use of renewable energy (e.g. in the form of solar panels) and the simple shape of the building (which is guaranteed for containers)

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Are you planning to rent out your container house? Read on to find out how to rent a house with energy labels.

Advantages and disadvantages of houses made of shipping containers

Advantages

  • Sustainability: container homes convert new or discarded shipping containers into something new, an eco-friendly form of upcycling that reduces the need for new building materials.
  • Affordability: Compared to traditional homes, container homes tend to be more cost-effective (especially when using discarded containers).
  • Fast construction: Container homes can be built relatively quickly because the basic structure is already in place.
  • Design flexibility: With customization, container homes can be tailored to suit your style and needs.
  • Modularity: shipping containers are modular building blocks that make it easy to expand or customize living spaces. You can build your house in sections.
  • Relocatability: container homes can be designed to be transported to different locations.
  • Strength and durability: shipping containers are designed to withstand the rigors of transportation, making them very durable.
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Disadvantages

  • Insulation and comfort: Containers are most often made of steel, which can lead to temperature extremes. Proper insulation is therefore essential to make them habitable year-round in our conditions
  • Size limitations: the dimensions of shipping containers can be limiting in terms of interior space. Therefore, if you want a large house, you will need to get more containers.
  • Design limitations: the industrial look of shipping containers is not for everyone and extensive modifications may be required to achieve the desired aesthetics.
  • Permits and regulations: Even if you use shipping containers for housing, you must comply with all building codes.
  • Professionals and services: plumbing, electrical and other systems may require specialized installation. This will make it harder to find tradesmen and you will probably pay extra for their work.
  • Transportation costs: If containers need to be transported to a remote location, shipping can get quite expensive.
  • Limited space for windows and doors: Adding windows and door openings is more difficult and costly because of the steel construction of the container.
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Where container houses are sold

Some companies offer ready-made container houses, including wiring and insulation. However, if you want maximum freedom in design and the lowest possible price, it is worth building a container house yourself.

You can purchase shipping containers from a variety of sources, including

  • Container suppliers: many companies specialize in selling new and used shipping containers.
  • Ports: shipping containers are usually available at major ports. In the Czech Republic, you can find ports where containers are handled in Melnik or Ústí nad Labem or you can travel abroad to find a container.
  • Online bazaars. However, be sure to inspect the containers thoroughly before buying.
  • Auctions: shipping containers can sometimes be found at auctions Check local auction listings or websites for upcoming events.
  • Shipping companies: shipping companies themselves may also sell containers. However, these will usually only be retired containers that are no longer suitable for shipping.
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What to look out for when buying

When buying a shipping container, consider the following factors:

  1. Condition: shipping containers come in a variety of conditions, including new, used and already converted to a container house.
  2. Size: Shipping containers are available in a variety of sizes, with six-foot and 12-foot containers being the most common.
  3. Price: prices can vary depending on factors such as size, condition and where the container is sold.
  4. Delivery: consider the cost of shipping the container to the desired location.
  5. Licensing and Regulations: Study all regulations and conditions for placing containers on your property beforehand.

Don’t rush into the purchase, think things through properly first, or even get a professional to help you. After all, you are buying your future home.

Summary

A container house is a building created by converting shipping containers into residential or commercial space. According to the Building Code, a standard single-family container house can fall under the category of small buildings or simple structures. If it has a surface area of up to 40 m², a height of up to 5 metres and is located on a plot of land where a house for living or recreation already stands, no building permit is required. However, in this case, it is not possible to have a permanent residence in it. In all other cases, a building notification or building permit is required. To obtain the permit, you must provide information about the land and the planned construction, the planning permission, binding opinions of the authorities concerned, project documentation and, where applicable, the consent of the neighbours.

The main advantages of container houses include sustainability, lower acquisition costs, fast construction, modularity and the possibility of relocation. Shipping containers are designed to withstand extreme conditions, ensuring their high durability. On the other hand, the need forthorough insulation, limited internal space and more demanding connections to utilities must be taken into account. The addition of windows and doors is more complex and can increase the cost of rebuilding. Another factor is the transportation of containers to the construction site, which can become more expensive.

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Author of the article

JUDr. Ondřej Preuss, Ph.D.

Ondřej is the attorney who came up with the idea of providing legal services online. He's been earning his living through legal services for more than 10 years. He especially likes to help clients who may have given up hope in solving their legal issues at work, for example with real estate transfers or copyright licenses.

Education
  • Law, Ph.D, Pf UK in Prague
  • Law, L’université Nancy-II, Nancy
  • Law, Master’s degree (Mgr.), Pf UK in Prague
  • International Territorial Studies (Bc.), FSV UK in Prague

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