New European packaging regulations have taken effect

One of the first practical changes involves limits on PFAS substances in packaging intended to come into contact with food. These substances are used, for example, to provide resistance to grease and moisture, typically in certain food boxes, fast-food packaging, or paper food packaging. Newly introduced food packaging must not exceed the established limits; however, packaging placed on the market before the new rules took effect will not automatically be recalled because of this. At the same time, companies must better document who is responsible for the packaging and maintain technical documentation proving the packaging’s compliance with European requirements. Manufacturers and importers will have to be traceable directly from the packaging, for example by providing a name and contact address or via a QR code or other data carrier.

The European Commission justifies these changes by noting that the amount of packaging waste in the EU has been rising for a long time and that packaging accounts for a significant portion of plastic consumption. Therefore, additional obligations are expected in the coming years: starting in 2028, harmonized labeling for sorting; stricter requirements for recyclability and the proportion of recycled content in plastic packaging starting in 2030, restrictions on certain single-use packaging, and rules against excessive empty space in shipping and e-commerce packaging. However, business associations point out that some of the rules come with a heavy administrative burden, unclear interpretation, and costs associated with changes to packaging, printing, and documentation. The criticism, therefore, is not necessarily directed at the goal of reducing waste, but rather at the speed, complexity, and practical feasibility of the new regulations.