New legislation
A comprehensive amendment to the Criminal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code and other related laws was approved by the Senate on 3 July 2025. The law is intended to reduce the prison population, promote alternative sentencing, and modernize the approach to selected crimes. It is expected to take effect once signed by the President and promulgated in the Collection of Laws.
Courts will now be able to impose a separate fine for most offences, with the exception of particularly serious crimes and acts of cruelty. For example, the penalties for repeated theft or endorsing terrorism on the internet are reduced. Conversely, deepfake pornography or hate attacks against the disabled will be punished more severely. The possibility of imposing an unconditional prison sentence by a criminal warrant without a main trial is also introduced.
A significant new feature is the legalisation of possession of small amounts of cannabis for personal use and self-growing up to three plants. It will be an offence to possess slightly higher quantities, while larger quantities will still be punishable by criminal sanctions. The amendment also introduces the so-called child certificate – a register that will prevent those convicted of serious offences from working with children, even retrospectively for offences dating back to 2005.
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