Social security is a levy that almost all working people have to pay. It is a substantial part of our wages. However, many people do not know why they pay social security and how much is actually deducted from their wages or salary. In this article we give you the answers to who has to pay social security, where and how much. In addition, we will also tell you where all the money actually goes.
Social insurance, or social security contributions, consists of three components – sickness insurance, pension insurance and contributions to state employment policy. It is therefore the amount you pay to create decent living conditions for yourself and your fellow citizens, especially in adverse social situations. The most common are pensioners, the unemployed or sick people.
The largest part of social security money goes on old-age pensions and health care, which together account for about ¾ of total spending. But in addition, money also goes on family benefits, disability pensions, survivors’ benefits (orphans’, widows’, etc.), unemployment benefits, social exclusion and housing allowances.
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Employers, employees, self-employed persons, foreign employees and persons voluntarily participating in pension insurance must pay social insurance.
As an employer, you are obliged to pay social insurance on behalf of your employees, which you deduct from their wages.
Your employer pays social security for you as an employee, so you don’t have to worry about anything. The advantage for you is that even if your employer doesn’t pay the insurance for you, you won’t have any problems. You won’t face any penalties and you will still be entitled to all the benefits that come with paying National Insurance. The consequences will only be borne by your employer. It is also important to note that your employer pays your social security even if you work part-time. Similarly, you do not have to deal with social security when you take unpaid leave.
As a self-employed person, you pay social insurance yourself directly to the district social security office or, in the case of a lump sum, to the tax office. However, only pension insurance is compulsory; sickness insurance is voluntary. In the case of secondary activities, payment of pension insurance is only compulsory on the basis of income – in 2024 the minimum threshold is set at CZK 105,520.
Payment is made monthly in advance and the following year you are obliged to submit a statement of income and expenditure to determine the amount of the insurance premium for the previous year and to repay any overpayment or underpayment.
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Citizens can also participate in pension insurance on a voluntary basis. Most often, these are people registered with the labour office as jobseekers, students or people working abroad.
People with no taxable income do not have to pay social insurance. This includes, for example, students, pensioners, people working on contracts and people registered as jobseekers with the employment office.
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Social insurance is the product of the assessment base and the percentage rate. The employer’s assessment base is then the sum of all the assessment bases of his employees. For an employer, this is 24.8% of the assessment base. Of this, 2.1 % is for sickness insurance, 21.5 % for pension insurance and 1.2 % for state employment policy.
For the employee, it is 7.1% of the assessment base. The employee’s assessment base is the sum of his/her taxable income from employment. It is therefore not included in the assessment base:
In addition, however, a maximum assessment base is laid down. This is 48 times the average wage and amounts to CZK 2 110 416 in 2024. It is calculated as the sum of all the employee’s assessment bases for one calendar year. If this sum exceeds the maximum assessment base, the employee does not pay social insurance on the excess. However, this applies only if the employee was employed by only one employer. This also applies to the employer himself, who also does not pay social security on this amount, either for himself or for the employee.
For the first year of your self-employed secondary activity, you are not obliged to pay advance payments of insurance premiums. In the case of your main activity, you then pay advances based on the minimum assessment base – which is set at CZK 131,904 for 2024. In subsequent years, the advance payments are determined on the basis of your income and expenditure statements. You must submit this statement within one month of the deadline for filing your tax return. However, if you are in the flat-rate scheme, you do not have to submit an income and expenditure statement.
The assessment base is determined as half of one-twelfth of the total profit (the difference between income and expenditure) and the insurance is determined as 29.2% of the assessment base. Of this, 28% goes to pension insurance and 1.2% to the state employment policy.
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Even for self-payers, the amount of social insurance is calculated as a percentage of the assessment base. However, the amount of the assessment base in this case is up to the payer. However, it must not be less than ¼ of the average wage for the year. The rate of contribution on the assessment base is then set at 28 % for a person who voluntarily participates in a pension scheme.
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