Contractual penalty

State Liability for Damages: How Can You Defend Yourself When a Government Agency Makes a Mistake?

13. August 2026

10 minutes of reading

If a government agency causes you damage through an unlawful decision or improper official procedure, you may, under certain conditions, seek compensation. The state’s liability for such damage is governed by the Act on Liability for Damage Caused in the Exercise of Public Authority. In this article, we’ll explain how to challenge an administrative error, how to seek compensation from the state, and what you must prove to obtain compensation.

Receipt: A document confirming that a debt has been paid

16. June 2026

9 minutes of reading

Debts, foreclosures and insolvency

A receipt is a confirmation from the creditor that you have settled your debt—most often by paying the money. The debtor has the right to request a receipt, and the creditor must issue it upon request. If the creditor refuses to issue one, the debtor may, under certain circumstances, withhold payment until the confirmation is received. Therefore, always request a receipt whenever you repay a loan, settle a debt, or transfer money outside the scope of a standard business document.

Promissory note: Why is it one of the most practical legal documents?

13. May 2026

9 minutes of reading

Debts, foreclosures and insolvency

A promissory note is a practical way of confirming in writing that a debtor acknowledges a specific debt and undertakes to repay it. To have real legal weight, it must be in writing, clearly identify the debtor and creditor, the reason for the debt, the amount of the debt and ideally the due date. A properly drafted promissory note helps the creditor prove the debt and can extend the statute of limitations. However, if you are dealing with a larger amount, repayments, interest, collateral or a loan between loved ones, it is better to prepare a loan agreement or a customized debt acknowledgement agreement. What is everything you need to know about a promissory note?

What is a receivable, and what are the different types?

3. May 2026

10 minutes of reading

Debts, foreclosures and insolvency

A claim is a creditor’s right to demand a specific performance from a debtor—most often payment of money, but also the delivery of goods, the performance of work, or the fulfillment of another obligation. The assessment of claims is based primarily on the Civil Code, according to which it is important to distinguish the origin of the claim, when it is due, whether it is secured, and when it may become time-barred. If the debtor fails to pay, the creditor should not wait: a well-prepared pre-litigation demand often helps, as does legal enforcement or filing the claim in insolvency proceedings.

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Contractual penalty: what to look out for when negotiating it?

9. April 2026

14 minutes of reading

Other legal issues

It is worth negotiating a contractual penalty if you want to have a clearly defined penalty for breach of contract and do not want to have to prove the damage later. However, a poorly drafted liquidated damages agreement may be invalid, the court may reduce it, and if you don't specifically provide for a claim for damages in addition to the liquidated damages, you may lose it. The most important things to look out for are a precise definition of the breached obligation, the appropriate amount of the penalty, the due date, the relationship to damages, VAT and special limits on rent. This is not the only thing we have covered in our article.

Debtor default: what if you don’t meet your obligation within the time limit?

24. October 2024

7 minutes of reading

Debts, foreclosures and insolvency

Default is a situation where the debtor fails to meet his or her obligation within a specified period of time. Let's look at the concept of debtor default from a legal perspective and see what consequences and obligations it entails not only for the debtor but also for the creditor. We will also tell you how interest on default is calculated or what both parties can do to deal effectively with a situation where default occurs.

Driver’s license seizure: How does it work and what are your options to get it back?

4. September 2024

8 minutes of reading

Transport and motorists

Many of us get behind the wheel every day without realising how close we sometimes come to losing our licence. Yet this is a major interference in our lives, even more so when driving is part of our work duties. Read on to find out the circumstances under which you could face having your licence seized, how the process works and what you can expect when it is reissued.

Arbitration or arbitration: if you want a more flexible approach, it’s definitely worth it

28. August 2024

8 minutes of reading

Other legal issues

Arbitration and arbitral proceedings, or arbitration, represent a key alternative to traditional court proceedings, particularly in the area of commercial and international disputes. It is an out-of-court way of resolving disputes through independent and impartial arbitrators. Read about the history of this institution, what cases it commonly resolves and what new developments have taken place in the field of arbitration.

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Article topics:

Termination of employment

Working time

Type of work

Employment contract

Agreement to perform work

Court of Registration

Contractual penalty

Termination by agreement

Severance Pay

Working time account

Identification number

Notary

Immediate termination of employment

Homeowners Association (HOA)

Case

Incapacity for work

Agreement on termination of employment

Cooperative apartment

Customs administration

State Liability for Damages: How Can You Defend Yourself When a Government Agency Makes a Mistake?

Receipt: A document confirming that a debt has been paid

Promissory note: Why is it one of the most practical legal documents?

What is a receivable, and what are the different types?

Get advice from online lawyers

Contractual penalty: what to look out for when negotiating it?

Debtor default: what if you don’t meet your obligation within the time limit?

Driver’s license seizure: How does it work and what are your options to get it back?

Arbitration or arbitration: if you want a more flexible approach, it’s definitely worth it

Get advice from online lawyers

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